How to Manage a Respiratory Arrest

Respiratory arrest is a potentially fatal condition, where breathing completely stops. When the flow of oxygen stops, it often causes irreversible damages to the vital organs. A very recent data from the New Journal of Medicine has stated that over 1.5% of emergency admissions in the US is due to sudden respiratory arrests. There are several factors that can lead to an emergency respiratory arrest. Factors include poisoning, allergic reactions and respiratory illness can precipitate such attacks. 

Learn the steps to assess and respond to a respiratory attack with maximum confidence and competence. This will include initial recognition, prompt action and the use of advanced life support measures. 

 

What are the probable causes of Respiratory Arrest?

Respiratory arrest is defined as the sudden cessation of breathing. Various factorscan cause it from medical conditions to environmental factors or traumatic injuries. Understanding these potential causes is crucial for timely intervention.  Here are some probable causes of respiratory arrest:

 

Read More: Explore through the PALS course Options. Know the difference between Blended and Classroom Training.

 

• Cardiac Arrest: As the heart stops beating, oxygenated blood fails to circulate, leading to respiratory failure.
• Drug Overdose: Certain drugs, such as opioids or sedatives, can suppress the respiratory drive, resulting in respiratory arrest.
• Severe Asthma or COPD Exacerbation: Acute exacerbations of chronic respiratory conditions can overwhelm the body’s ability to maintain adequate oxygenation.
• Traumatic Injuries to the Chest: Injuries such as rib fractures, punctured lungs, or severe blunt trauma can impair the respiratory system’s function.
• Neurological Conditions: Conditions like stroke, brain injury, or spinal cord injury can disrupt the brain’s control over breathing.
• Airway Obstruction: Complete or partial blockage of the airway due to foreign objects, swelling, or anatomical abnormalities can lead to respiratory arrest.
• Anaphylaxis: Severe allergic reactions can cause rapid swelling of the airways, obstructing airflow and resulting in respiratory failure.
• Electrolyte Imbalances: Critical imbalances in electrolytes such as potassium or calcium can disrupt normal muscle function, including the muscles involved in breathing.
• Hypothermia or Hyperthermia: Extreme temperatures can impair respiratory function, leading to respiratory arrest in severe cases.

 

Read More: How can a PALS certification help you manage respiratory distresses effectively?

 

How to treat Respiratory Arrest?

Prompt and effective treatment of respiratory arrest is crucial for saving lives. It also prevents irreversible damage. Understanding the steps involved in treating respiratory arrest equips individuals with the knowledge to intervene confidently.  Here’s how respiratory arrest is treated:

• Assessment and Recognition: Quickly assess the individual’s responsiveness and breathing. If they are unresponsive and not breathing normally or not breathing at all, recognize the presence of respiratory arrest.
• Activate Emergency Medical Services (EMS): Call for help immediately. Activate EMS or ask someone to call for emergency assistance while you initiate treatment.
• Open the Airway: Ensure the airway is clear of obstructions. Tilt the head back gently and lift the chin to open the airway.
• Initiate Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR): Begin CPR immediately if the person is not breathing. Perform chest compressions to circulate blood and provide oxygen to vital organs.
• Provide Rescue Breaths: If trained and comfortable, provide rescue breaths in addition to chest compressions. Maintain a ratio of compressions to breaths as per current guidelines.
• Use an Automated External Defibrillator (AED): If an AED is available, follow the prompts to administer defibrillation if indicated. Some cases of respiratory arrest may progress to cardiac arrest, requiring defibrillation.
• Administer Medications: If appropriate and within your scope of practice, administer medications such as naloxone for opioid overdose or epinephrine for severe allergic reactions.
• Continued Monitoring and Support: Continuously monitor the person’s condition and adjust treatment as necessary. Provide support to the individual and reassurance to bystanders until EMS arrives.

 

Conclusion

Managing a respiratory arrest requires swift and decisive reaction. One has to feel confident enough before they intervene in such cases. The signs have to be recognized promptly and CPR(cardiopulmonary resuscitation) should be performed at the earliest. By following a few basic rules, permanent and fatal damage can be avoided completely.

If you are a healthcare professional, working in a pediatric sector, you must be aware of the criticalities of respiratory distress especially in a child. If you are new to this field, sign up for an online PALS (Pediatric Advanced Life Support) course and learn how to help a young life in need. You can also renew your PALS certification, if you are already certified. Every effort made towards effectively managing respiratory problems will help build a safe and healthy community.